Insimbi enezinsimbi ezingenantambo njengamanje iyinsimbi yocingo evame kakhulu, esetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi enkulu kunazo zonke emakethe. I evame ukubizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali anezikhala ikakhulukazi libhekisela engagqwali anezikhala nokwelukiweyo.
Okokuqala, ake siqonde ithonya lezinto eziyinhloko eziningana zensimbi engagqwali ekusebenzeni kwensimbi engagqwali:
1. I-Chromium (Cr) yisici esiyinhloko esinquma ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali. Ukugqwala kwensimbi kuhlukaniswe ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali nokungagqokwa kwamakhemikhali. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, insimbi iphendula ngqo ne-oxygen esemoyeni ukwakha ama-oxide (ukugqwala), okuwukugqwala kwamakhemikhali; ekamelweni lokushisa, lokhu kubola ukugqwala okungewona amakhemikhali. I-Chromium kulula ukwakha ifilimu lokungena eliminyene endaweni esexhuma. Le filimu yokuhamba nje izinzile futhi iphelele, futhi ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile nensimbi eyisisekelo, ihlukanisa ngokuphelele isisekelo nendawo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloy. I-11% umkhawulo ophansi kakhulu we-chromium engagqwali. Izinsimbi ezine-chromium ezingaphansi kuka-11% ngokuvamile azibizwa ngensimbi engagqwali.
2. INickel (Ni) iyinto enhle kakhulu emelana nokugqwala futhi iyinto esemqoka eyakha i-austenite ngensimbi. Ngemuva kokuthi i-nickel ingezwe ensimbi engagqwali, isakhiwo sishintsha kakhulu. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ku-stainless steel kukhuphuka, i-austenite izokwanda, futhi ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, nokusebenza kwensimbi engagqwali kuzokhula, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwenqubo ebandayo yensimbi. Ngakho-ke, insimbi engagqwali enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel kufanelekile ukudweba ucingo oluhle kanye nocingo oluncane.
3. I-Molybdenum (Mo) ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali. Ukwengezwa kwe-molybdenum kunsimbi engagqwali kungaqhubeka nokuvula indawo yensimbi engagqwali, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali. I-Molybdenum ayikwazi ukwakha imvula engagqwali ukuze inciphise i-molybdenum, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuqina kwensimbi engagqwali.
4. Ikhabhoni (C) imelwe ngu- "0" entweni yensimbi engagqwali. "0" kusho ukuthi okuqukethwe yikhabhoni kungaphansi noma kulingana no-0.09%; "00" kusho ukuthi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kungaphansi noma kulingana no-0.03%. Ukwandiswa kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuzonciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali, kepha kungakhulisa ubulukhuni bensimbi engagqwali.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamamaki wensimbi engagqwali, kufaka phakathi i-austenite, ferrite, martensite nensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex. Ngoba i-austenite inokusebenza okuphelele kakhulu, ayina-magnetic futhi inobulukhuni obuphakeme ne-plasticity, isetshenziselwa ukucubungula ucingo. Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic iyintambo yensimbi engenasici ehamba phambili. Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic ine-302 (1Cr8Ni9), 304 (0Cr18Ni9), 304L (00Cr19Ni10), 316 (0Cr17Ni12Mo2), 316L (00Cr17Ni14Mo2), 321 (0Cr18Ni9Ti) neminye imikhiqizo. Uma kubhekwa okuqukethwe yi-chromium (Cr), i-nickel (i-Ni), ne-molybdenum (Mo), i-304 kanye ne-304L wire inokusebenza okuhle jikelele nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi njengamanje iyintambo enenani elikhulu kunawo wonke lensimbi engagqwali; I-316 ne-316L iqukethe i-nickel ephezulu, futhi equkethe i-molybdenum, ilungele kakhulu ukudwetshwa kwezintambo ezinhle, futhi inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. I-mesh ephakeme kakhulu enezinhlamvu ezinkulu ayikho enye ngaphandle kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, sidinga ukukhumbuza abangani ngomkhiqizi wocingo wocingo ukuthi insimbi engagqwali inomphumela wesikhathi. Ngemuva kokuthi ibekwe ekamelweni lokushisa isikhathi esithile, ukucindezelwa kokucutshungulwa kuyancipha, ngakho-ke insimbi engagqwali emva kwesikhathi esithile isetshenziswa kangcono njengemesh yokwelukiweyo.
Ngoba insimbi engagqwali inezici zokumelana ne-asidi, ukumelana kwe-alkali, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, amandla we-tensile kanye ne-abrasion ukumelana, kufanelekile ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni kwezinambuzane nokuhlunga i-mesh ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ze-alkali. Isibonelo, imboni kawoyela isetshenziswa njengesikrini sodaka, imboni yamakhemikhali i-fiber isetshenziswa njengesihlungi sesikrini, imboni ye-electroplating isetshenziswa njenge-pickling screen, kanye ne-metallurgy, iraba, i-aerospace, ezempi, ezokwelapha, ezokudla nezinye izimboni asetshenziselwa ukuhlunga igesi noketshezi nokunye ukwahlukaniswa kwemidiya.
Isikhathi Iposi: Jul-23-2021